Mechanical and electrical phenomena of droplets under the influence of high electric fields
Team
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Hinrichsen
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- +49 6151 16-20430
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- +49 6151 16-20468
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- +49 6151 16-20445
Description
The generation of singular water drops instead of a continuous water film on the hydrophobic surfaces of high voltage outdoor plastic isolators suppresses electric leakage over the surface and significantly improves the isolator capacity. However, the degree of hydrophobicity deteriorates through climatic influences and partial electrical discharges from the edges of drops or from dry-zone edges are even worse. This can lead to the complete loss of hydrophobicity and subsequent chemical and thermal damage to the isolator surfaces. The change in form of drops and in structure of drop coating influences the electric field distribution decisively and is therefore essential for the optimization of isolator field calculation for isolators under wet conditions. In this project, which is closely linked with TP-A5, the drop dynamics under the influence of high electric fields at varying relevant parameters such as surface and drop properties, classification of the electric field and environmental conditions is to be modeled. Furthermore, the onset of electrical partial discharges is to be calculated, which is determined by the electric field as well as the varying drops contours. The goal is to obtain an increased understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and influencing parameters as well as the expansion of existing aging models of plastic isolators and new insights for their optimization.
The project consists of experimental studies which are to obtain input data and a validation for the numerical calculations (in particular TP-A5) and will be extended to numerical simulations at a later stage. The long term goal is to simulate the electric field distribution and the resulting forces on the drops, as well as the resulting deformation and finally the resulting onset of electrical partial discharges. In the first phase of the project the necessary field strength for the onset of partial discharges is determined experimentally by varying different parameters and is the reference with models from the literature. This is done with basic arrangements with non-deformable drop replicas. For the experimental investigation a high-speed camera is used to determine the typical deformations of real drops, which will be used for the field simulations, as long as the drop deformation cannot be simulated yet. For the experimental validation of the modeling different parameters are varied: the direction and type of the electric field (AC, DC, pulsed field), volume, viscosity, conductivity and permittivity as well as the charge of the droplet, surface tension, texture and slope of the isolator, ambient conditions (density of the air, humidity). The previously developed video recording technology is optimized (resolution, depth of field). The experimental determination of the necessary field strength for the onset of partial discharges (electric process) is extended by the localization of partial discharge locations (UV camera).
In cooperation with TP-B1 and TP-C3 future investigations about icing subcooled sessile drops as well as supercooled drops in free fall and the associated charge separation under the influence of high electric fields are planned. Supercooled drops are found in thunderclouds for example. The influence of strong electric fields on the behavior of charged and uncharged drops is to be studied. A special goal is to experimentally investigate the influence of strong electric fields on the freezing behavior. Furthermore, the mechanisms for charge separation in a thundercloud will be better understood.
Publications
2021
Löwe, J. M., Schremb, M., Hinrichsen, V., Tropea, C.
Ice nucleation forced by transient electric fields.
Experiments in Fluids, (submitted and under review), 2021
Löwe, J. M., Hinrichsen, V., Roisman, I. V., Tropea, C.
Ice nucleation in high altering electric fields: Effect of electric field strength and frequency.
Physical Review E, 103, 012801, 2021
Löwe, J. M., Schremb, M., Hinrichsen, V., Tropea, C.
Experimental methodology and procedure for SAPPHIRE: a Semi-automatic APParatus for High-voltage Ice nucleation REsearch
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14, 223-238, 2021
2020
Löwe, J. M., Schremb, M., Hinrichsen, V., Tropea, C.
Ice nucleation in high alternating electric fields: Effect of electric field strength and frequency.
Physical Review E, (submitted and under review), 2020
Löwe, J. M., Hinrichsen, V., Roisman, I. V., Tropea, C.
Impact of electric charge and motion of water drops on the inception field strength of partial discharges
Physical Review E, 102, 063101, 2020
Löwe, J. M., Hinrichsen, V., Roisman, I. V., Tropea, C.
Behavior of charged and uncharged drops in high alternating tangential electric fields.
Physical Review E, 101(2), 023102, 2020
Löwe, J. M., Engelhardt, J., Secklehner, M., Hinrichsen, V.
Determination of the spatial impulse response of compensating electrostatic voltmeters
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 27(1), 49-57, 2020
2019
Plog, J., Löwe, J. M., Jiang, Y., Pan, Y., Yarin, A. L.
Control of Direct Written Ink Droplets Using Electrowetting
Langmuir, 35(34), 11023-11036, 2019
Löwe, J. M., Plog, J., Jiang, Y., Pan, Y., Yarin, A. L.
Drop deposition affected by electrowetting in direct ink writing process
Journal of Applied Physics, 126(3), 035302, 2019
Löwe, J. M., Schremb, M., Hinrichsen, V., Tropea, C.
Ice Nucleation in the Presence of Electric Fields: An Experimental Study (No. 2019-01-2020)
SAE Technical Paper, 2019
Löwe, J. M., Hinrichsen, V.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Electric Charge on the Behavior of Water Droplets in Electric Fields
In 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL) (pp. 1-6). IEEE, 2019
2018
Löwe, J. M., Hinrichsen, V., Tropea, C.
Droplet Behavior Under the Impact of Lightning and Switching Impulse Voltage
In 2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC) (pp. 443-447). IEEE, 2018
2017
Löwe, J. M., Schremb, M., Dorau, T., Hinrichsen, V.
Experimental Investigation of Electro-Freezing of Supercooled Water Droplets
In 9th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 2017
J. Löwe, M. Secklehner, V. Hinrichsen,
Investigation of surface charges on polymeric insulators and the influence of sessile droplets
INSUCON-13th International Electrical Insulation Conference (pp. 1-7). IEEE, 2017
2016
J. Löwe, M. Secklehner, V. Hinrichsen,
Investigation of surface charges on polymeric insulators and the influence of sessile droplets
International Electrical Insulation Conference
(INSUCON) 2017, 2016, ’Abstract submitted and accepted’
Nazemi, M. H.:
Experimental Investigations on Water Droplets on Polymeric Insulating Surfaces under the Impact of High Electric Fields.
Dissertation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 2016.
2015
M.H. Nazemi, V. Hinrichsen,
Partial Discharge Inception Electric Field Strength of Water Droplets on Polymeric Insulating Surfaces,
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1088-1096, April 2015.
M.H. Nazemi, V. Hinrichsen,
Experimental Investigations on Partial Discharge Characteristics of Water Droplets on Polymeric Insulating Surfaces at AC, DC and Combined AC-DC Voltages,
IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 2261-2270, August 2015.
2013
Nazemi, M. H., Hinrichsen, V., Gjonaj E.:
Investigations on Partial Discharges of Polymeric Insulators in the Presence of Oscillating Water Droplets on the Surface.
4. ETG-Fachtagung Grenzflächen in elektrischen Isoliersystemen, 2013.
Nazemi, M.H., Hinrichsen, V.
Experimental Investigations on Water Droplet Oscillation and partial Discharge Inception Voltage on Polymeric Insulating Surfaces under the Influence of AC Electric Field Stress
IEEE trans. on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, 20(2) (2013), 443-453
Nazemi, M.H., Hinrichsen, V.
Partial discharge investigation and electric field analysis of different oscillation modes of water droplet on the surface of polymeric insulator under tangential AC electric field stress
ICSD 2013, IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Bologna, Italy (2013), 194-197
Nazemi, M.H., Hinrichsen, V.
Partial Discharge of Water Droplets on Polymeric Insulating Surfaces
NSUCON 2013, 12th International Insulation Conference, Birmingham, UK (2013)
Songoro, H., Nazemi, M.H., Gjonaj, E., Hinrichsen, V., Weiland, T.
Water droplet oscillation on the hydrophobic surface of polymeric insulators under AC electric field stress
ISH 2013, 18th Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (2013), Seoul, South Korea, accepted